What is Silvicultural system?
Let me introduce a little about this system, Silvicultural system or silvicultural techniques
which have been practiced in the management of production natural
forests (IUPHHK Natural Forest) in Indonesia, at present, are
silvicultural system of Indonesian Selective Cutting and Planting
(TPTI), silvicultural system Strip Planting Selective Cutting (TPTJ)
and silvicultural system of Intensive Indonesian Selective Cutting and
Planting(TPTII) with Intensive Silvicultural Technique (SILIN).
1. Silvicultural System of Indonesian Selective Cutting (TPI) and Indonesian Selective Cutting and Planting (TPTI).
From
the results of report of data / information collection from TPI
implementation in the year 1987, at several forest concessions (HPH)
which was conducted by Forestry Research and Development Agency
(Ministry of Forestry), Faculty of Forestry (University of Gajah Mada
and Institut Pertanian Bogor / IPB) where the author belongs to IPB
team, it could be shown that (the data / information constitute
materials for Discussion, which was led by Komar Sumarna who at that
time was Director of Nature Conservation, Directorate General of PHPA,
Forestry Ministry, to Improve TPI guidelines), in those forest
concession areas (HPH) in the logged over forest area, the number of
core trees per ha with diameter of 20 cm or more, were sufficient, namely more than 25 trees per ha. Also the number of regeneration at pole, sapling and seedling were sufficient.
2. Silvicultural System of Strip Planting Selective Cutting (TPTJ).
The
sequence of enforcement and revocation of various Forestry Minister
Decrees and Forestry Minister Regulations concerning Silvicultural
System of TPTJ.
Strip planting Selective Cutting (TPTJ) is a silvicultural system with the following description:
- Strip Planting Silvicultural System (TPTJ) is silvicultural system with preparatory cutting by cutting trees in the Logged Over Area of TPTI, and is conducted by selective cutting with diameter limit of ? 40 cm followed with construction of clean strip (stripping), with strip width of 3 (three) meters and gross strip (conservation strip) with width of 22 m. In the axis of the clean strip there is planting of commercial tree species. With planting distance of 5 m within the axis of the clean strip, then the planting distance of the whole area become 5 x 25 m.
- Procurement of planting stocks could originate from seeds (seeds and uprooted wildlings), and from cuttings, including shoot cuttings from Dipterocarpaceae family of tree species and stem cutting of sungkai (Peronema canestens).
3. Silvicultural System of Intensive Indonesian Selective Cutting and Planting(TPTII) with Intensive Silvicultural Technique (SILIN).
The weakness of TPTII Silvicultural System (SILIN),is that it is executed in Logged Over Area (LOA) of TPTI without considering the cutting rotation (cutting cycle) demanded / required in guidelines of TPTI. Cutting cycle
in TPTI is 35 years. SILIN allows cutting below 35 years by decreasing
the diameter limit which are allowed to be cut to ? 40 cm which is
executed in preparatory cutting in logged over area.
The superiority of TPTII Silvicultural System (SILIN),is
the Enrichment Planting with superior species, which is obliged to be
conducted right after the execution of logging, namely in Logged Over
Areas (LOA) of 0 year old (ET+0), without considering whether the
seedling regeneration is sufficient or not so that it is easily
controlled.
On 18 September 1989, there was issuance of Forestry Minister Decree Number485/Kpts-II/1989concerning
silvicultural system for management of natural production forest in
Indonesia, where the management of Production Forest in Indonesia could
be conducted with the following silvicultural systems:
- Indonesian Selective Cutting and Planting (TPTI)
- Clear Cutting with Natural Regeneration (THPA)
- Clear Cutting with Artifical Regeneration (THPB)
Till now, the management of production forest in Indonesia is overseen by Directorate General of Forestry Production Development (Dirjen BPK) which in the 2010. becomes Directorate General of Forestry Business Development which oversee Directorate of Natural Forest Development Guidance ( which oversee IUPHHK HA) which in the year 2010 becomes Directorate of Natural Forest Business Developmentand Directorate of Plantation Forest Development (which oversee IUPHHK HT/HTI) which in the year 2010 becomes Directorate of Plantation Forest Business Development.
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